indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ace (playing card); ace (of a team); leading player; ace; hotshot; ace (serve)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
adds force or indicates command
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
sabot; wooden shoe; work-to-rule; go-slow strike; slowdown
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
in that way; thus; so; so?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
how; in what way; how about
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")