indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
all-terrain vehicle; quad bike; dune buggy; beach buggy; buggy; stroller
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
headquarters; head office; main office
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
suffix for familiar person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
ace (playing card); ace (of a team); leading player; ace; hotshot; ace (serve)
tray; family; household; O-Bon; Bon Festival; gambler's den
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons