indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
electric vehicle; EV; elevator; enterprise value; EV; embedded value
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
suffix for familiar person
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
ace (playing card); ace (of a team); leading player; ace; hotshot; ace (serve)
nata; sturdy broad-bladed knife, used in woodcraft and hunting (often with a rectangular blade)
(positive sentence end) I dare say; (negative sentence end) though, honestly
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
dragon (as depicted in Western myths)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
want to ... do something; would like to ...
chief (of police); head (of office)
wheat straw; barley straw
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
escaping from prison; jailbreak
tray; family; household; O-Bon; Bon Festival; gambler's den