indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nata; sturdy broad-bladed knife, used in woodcraft and hunting (often with a rectangular blade)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
suffix for familiar person
want to ... do something; would like to ...
wheat straw; barley straw
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
(medical) treatment; care; therapy; cure; remedy
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
boy; bellboy; porter; waiter
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
wheat; barley; oat (oats)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that