indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
snake; serpent; large snake
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
death penalty; capital punishment
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
older sister; elder sister
body; group; party; company; troupe
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
marguerite (Chrysanthemum frutescens); Japanese women's hairstyle comprised of a long braid tied up in a loop with a ribbon (ca. 1885)