indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
common sense; good sense; common knowledge; general knowledge; common practice; accepted practice
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
meddling; interfering; choosing to keep the drawn tile and discarding a different one
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
around the world; throughout the world
to be surprised; to be astonished
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
wheat straw; barley straw
youngster; boy; young Buddhist monk; young bonze; young shop-boy; errand boy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to roar; to reverberate; to be well-known; to be famous; to palpitate; to throb
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
adds force or indicates command