administration of justice
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
cooperation; collaboration
condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
to set free; to let go; to release; to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to let get away
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
departure (of a boat, plane); setting sail; leaving port; putting out to sea; takeoff
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
these guys; these fellows
humanity and justice (esp. in Confucianism); virtue; duty; formal greeting (between yakuza, street vendors, gamblers, etc.); (gang's) moral code
fragment; broken piece; chip; ounce (of truth, conscience, etc.); trace; shred
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
to be silent; to say nothing