indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to abandon; to fail; to desert; to forsake
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
idiot; moron; stupid; foolish; trivial; insignificant; malfunctioning
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
large part; greater part; people in general; general public; mostly; for the most part
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
plausible; believable; solemn; dignified; serious
sound argument; fair argument; just reasoning
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to shoulder; to carry on one's shoulder; to nominate for a position; to choose as a representative; to take (someone) for a ride; to deceive
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
trade; business; commerce; occupation; calling; profession
speech; address; curtain speech; prologue; way of speaking; manner of speech
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
tooth; teeth; tooth (of a comb, saw, etc.); cog; support (of a geta)
to swipe; to nick; to pilfer; to steal
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to sense; to perceive; to understand; to comprehend; to attain enlightenment
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
to become ...-ish; to appear like ...; to have a touch of ...; to become stained with ...; to become steeped with ...; to become smeared with ...
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
ship's captain; skipper; length of a ship; boatman
manner; way; appearance; air; custom; convention; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to misjudge; to mistake; to misjudge (someone); to overestimate; to miss seeing; to overlook