single word; a few words; brief comment
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
wheat straw; barley straw
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
100,000,000; one hundred million
exceedingly; extremely; very many; indeed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
gold (Au); golden; prosperous; money (esp. ōban coin); cash
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
we; us; (arch.) I; (arch.) me; (arch.) you (referring to a group of one's equals or inferiors)
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
body; group; party; company; troupe
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Hamburg steak; hamburger steak
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
strongly; violently; quickly; suddenly
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up