indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
kaya (Torreya nucifera); Japanese nutmeg tree
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
body; group; party; company; troupe
ship's captain; skipper; length of a ship; boatman
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe