indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
military forces; hosts; troops
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
second day of the month; two days
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
reaching; attaining; arrival
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
to be forestalled; to fall behind; to be one step behind
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
devious; cunning; sly; crafty
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
third day of the month; three days
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
within expectations; as expected; within the scope of hypothesis or assumption
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
Satan; the Devil; the Prince of Darkness; king of the demons who try to prevent people from doing good
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
interference; intervention; meddling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
among these; between these; of these; in here; in this
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to recommend; to endorse (e.g. a candidate); to infer (from); to deduce; to think (something) through; to ponder deeply
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker