ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
holiness; sacredness; sanctity; dignity
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
tribe; clan; (taxonomical) tribe; group (of the periodic table)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
bedroom (esp. one used by a married couple); sleeping quarters; inner room; room at the back of the house
to speak; to talk; to mediate; to act as a go-between; to put in a good word (for someone)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
seat; place; position; status; gathering; party; stand
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pollute; to contaminate; to soil; to disgrace; to dishonour; to dishonor
rubbish; trash; garbage; refuse
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
presence (of a nobleman, the emperor, etc.); outrider (person riding horseback in the lead position of a cavalcade); My Lord; My Lady
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
absolutely; positively; decidedly
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing
to scatter away; to vanish
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
western direction; Western Pure Land (Amitabha's Buddhist paradise); western fighter in a match (e.g. sumo)
sacred teachings (esp. of Confucius); Confucianism; Christianity; Buddhism