indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
cleaning; dry cleaning; laundry service
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
with a glitter; with a sparkle; brand new; shiny and new
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
life; living; I; me; student
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
so; like this; in this way
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
nursing; (protective) care
to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
glittering; sparkling; glistening; twinkling
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
trembling; getting nervous; excited; thrilled
in that way; thus; so; so?
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago