indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
adds force or indicates command
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
swastika (esp. counterclockwise form as a Buddhist symbol); fylfot; swastika-shaped family crest; wow; yeah
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
(one's) master; Lord; the main thing; the majority
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
all; entire; whole; altogether
north wind tile; winning hand with a pung (or kong) of north wind tiles
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
fried finely minced daikon, great burdock, carrot and shiitake mushrooms wrapped with crumbled tofu in dried beancurd and deep-fried; Japanese tofu and vegetable chowder; (arch.) black soybean sprouts fried in sesame seed oil wrapped in dried beancurd and stewed