indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Japan's best; number one in Japan
hey!; wait a minute!; whoa!; boohoo; waaaa
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adds force or indicates command
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
gravitational sphere (of a celestial body); gravitational field
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to compete; to contest; to quarrel; to argue; to deny (e.g. evidence)
ketch (two-masted vessel with a small mizzen)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hair; fur; wool; down; plumage
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to grow; to spring up; to sprout; to cut (teeth)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
youngster; boy; young Buddhist monk; young bonze; young shop-boy; errand boy
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
fifth year of elementary school; fifth year elementary school student
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
vigorously (burning); furiously; fiercely
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
drizzling (rain); blearily; weakly (blinking); dejectedly; gloomily
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to burn; to burn with (emotion, feeling); to be fired up
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
competition; contest; rivalry; competition (between organisms or species)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
shear (wind, fluids); chicken gizzard
par (in golf); equivalence; face value; parity