indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
breathing of a sleeping person
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
final exam; term-end examination; end-of-term examination
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
test (of ability, knowledge, etc.); exam; test (of performance, quality, etc.); trial; rehearsal
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
average; mean; balance; equilibrium
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
midterm (mid-semester) test or exam
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
growth rate; elongation percentage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
everything; anything; nothing
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
duty; sense of duty; honor; in-law; relation by marriage
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
(home) tutor; private tutor; private teacher
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to gather; to collect; to assemble
even though; despite; when
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
shh!; sh!; shush!; shoo!; go away!
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
concentration (on a task); focusing one's attention; concentration (of population, buildings, power, etc.); centralization; within a collection of works
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round