indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
breathing of a sleeping person
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
final exam; term-end examination; end-of-term examination
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
average; mean; balance; equilibrium
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
midterm (mid-semester) test or exam
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
growth rate; coefficient of extension
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
everything; anything; nothing
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
duty; sense of duty; honor; in-law; relation by marriage
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
in that way; thus; so; so?
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
private tutor; coach; governess
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to gather; to collect; to assemble
even though; despite; when
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
shh!; sh!; shush!; shoo!; go away!
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
study; diligence; discount; reduction
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
concentration; focusing; convergence; within a collection of works
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize