indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
curry (esp. Japanese curry); rice and curry
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
dawn; daybreak; event (e.g. "in the event of ..."); occasion; occurrence
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
honorific/polite/humble prefix
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
suffix for familiar person
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
overall victory; championship
(historical) army base; navy base
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
extermination; expulsion; destruction
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
expedition; (military) campaign; tour (by a sports team, performer, etc.); visit
air flotilla; air fleet; combat aviation unit of the Imperial Japanese Navy
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
in that way; thus; so; so?
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become