indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(sudden) evening shower (rain)
first month of the lunar calendar; January
stinginess; miserliness; shabby; cheap; petty; narrow-minded
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
carelessly (throwing, tossing, etc.); nonchalantly; casually
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to raise one's voice; to shout
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
behavior; behaviour; conduct; entertainment; treat; feast
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
dawn; daybreak; event (e.g. "in the event of ..."); occasion; occurrence
back; reverse; rear side; height; stature; ridge (of a mountain)
to shrink; to contract; to diminish (in size)
good; wonderful; splendid; understood; got it; OK
from the place (where); from the fact that ...; caused by the fact that ...; because
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
torpedo; (sea) mine; underwater mine
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
armament; soldier's equipment
superiority; predominance
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish