request; favor; favour; reliance; dependence; trust
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
head of the student council; president of the student council
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
proposal; proposition; suggestion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to get to know each other; to make acquaintance
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to get along (with someone); to be like-minded; to be congenial
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to look after; to take care (of); to favor; to gaze at; to stare at; to set one's eyes on
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
ten; 10; ten years of age