indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
cooperation; coordination; collaboration; integration; linking
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come off (of a button, handle, lid, etc.); to go away (of a fever, pain, swelling, etc.); to disappear; to be harvested; to be picked; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
why; how; for what reason
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
on purpose; deliberately; intentionally
isolation; being alone; being friendless
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
acquaintance; making someone's acquaintance
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
mark; sign; symbol; emblem; badge; crest
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
how can (one) do something
(balance) scales; carrying pole; shoulder pole; thread take-up lever (on a sewing machine); spreader bar
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
so; like this; in this way; this much; to this extent
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
goalkeeper; keeper; goalie
hungry ghost realm; preta realm; magic; sorcery
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
match; game; bout; contest
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to lose; to be defeated; to give in (to); to yield; to be inferior (to); to be second (to)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
in accordance with; according to; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly