today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
going out to shop; going shopping; buying in quantity; buying wholesale; bulk purchasing
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
growth period (in children)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to sing; to sing of (love, beauty, etc.) in a poem; to express in the form of a poem; to recite (a poem)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
moat; fosse; canal; ditch
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
skillful; skilled; proficient; flattery
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; by the way
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; intention; mind; mood
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
compact disk; CD; cash dispenser; (negotiable) certificate of deposit
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think