earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
forced labor; forced labour; slave labor; slave labour
institution; establishment; facility; home (for elderly, orphans, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
release (e.g. information); disclosure (legal); show; indication; display
to smash; to crush; to shut down; to put out of business; to wreck; to break; to butcher
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
squad leader; group leader; team leader
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
one's confidant; trusted friend; trusted retainer
koku; traditional unit of volume, approx. 180.4 litres; measure of a Japanese-style boat's loading capacity (approx. 278.26 liters)
sum; harmony; peace; Japan; Japanese-style
stretch; tension; resilience; springiness; will-power; pluck
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
do-or-die game; crucial contest
double; twice (as much); times (as much); -fold; 1-nth; 1 to n
dated; date; fixed; external
matching dice; doublets; bet on two horses in the same bracket; repdigit; monodigit
three times (as much); treble; triple; threefold
to sit down hard; to sink down to the floor
debt trap; debt hell; being in debt up to one's ears
rushing into; breaking into; storming; plunging into (war, etc.); embarking on (a new venture)
twenty-fifth day of the month; twenty-five days
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
understood; I see; OK; present; here
long-awaited; long-waited-for; someone who has waited a long time; something that one has waited impatiently for
labor; labour; exertion; diligent service
thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
beyond this point; from now on; after this
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood