indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
step; stair; grade; rank; counter for breaks in written language (or speech, etc.); dan
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
inclination; slant; slope; bevel; list; dip
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
now; the present time; just now; another; more
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
a line; a streak; one item (in an itemized form); one clause; one matter (affair, event, case, incident); (arch.) the same logic
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like