indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
step; stair; grade; rank; counter for breaks in written language (or speech, etc.); dan
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
now; the present time; just now; another; more
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
suffix for familiar person
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
marsh; swamp; wetland; being hooked (on a video game, TV show, etc.)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
probability; likelihood; chances
release (e.g. information); disclosure (legal); show; indication; display
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
blocking (e.g. the way); obstructing; block (lump of something (usu. square), area of town, etc.); block; physical record (e.g. on magnetic tape); concrete block; blocking (from view, esp. of websites, on social media, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays