today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
summer vacation; summer holiday
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in drops; dripping; gently (sloping); sluggishly; endlessly; leisurely
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
going back to sleep (e.g. after waking up in the morning)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
thump-thump; bang-bang; pit-a-pat; to beat fast (of one's heart); to throb; to pound
family vacation; family trip
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
bed; bedding; sickbed; alcove; riverbed; seedbed; straw "core" of a tatami mat
polish; improvement; burnishing
euphoric; happy; buoyant; bouncy
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
admiration; being impressed; admirable; praiseworthy; astonishment; being appalled
honorific/polite/humble prefix
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
day (as in holiday); daytime
paca (any of either species of paca, esp. lowland paca, Agouti paca)
dining room; dining hall; cafeteria; restaurant; eatery; snack bar
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
escaping the heat to enjoy the cool breeze (by the river, etc.)
café; cafe; coffeehouse; hostess bar (serving western alcoholic beverages; Taisho and Showa period)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
ruby; ruby character; small hiragana or katakana readings of kanji usually above or to the side of the kanji (esp. used by printers and in ref. to printed material); Ruby (programming language)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
homeroom; form room; form class
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)