ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
meeting; rendezvous; encounter; confluence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
(some) more; even more; longer; further
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
gem; jewel; precious stone
clanging (of a bell); jangling; ding-dong; continuously; incessantly; one after another
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to stage a comeback (against) (in mahjong, horse racing, etc.); to come from behind
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
since some time ago; for some time; for quite a while
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
honorific/polite/humble prefix
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
educational institution; school; academy; campus
summer vacation; summer holiday
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
air conditioning; air cooling
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at); not one's cup of tea; not one's favorite