indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
Excellent (grade); A; superiority; excellence; gentle; graceful
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
family; members of a family
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
suffix for familiar person
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!