underground train; subway
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
suffix for familiar person
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
extent; scope; sphere; range; span
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
middle-aged man; Buddhist priest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
temporary; provisional; interim; special; extraordinary; extra
position; location; base; point; site
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
go that far; to that extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
(medical) treatment; care; therapy; cure; remedy
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
Excellent (grade); A; superiority; excellence; gentle; graceful
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(are you) alright?; (are you) OK?
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to kick the bucket; to drop dead; to die; to be pooped; to be exhausted; to be knackered
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
no problem; all right; not an issue; unobjectionable