indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
name; given name; first name
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah