indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
appearance; presence; attendance; surrender (e.g. to the police); turning oneself in
one's body; one's person; oneself; one's appearance; one's place (in society, etc.); one's position
innocence; guiltlessness; purity; uprightness; integrity
proof; testimony; demonstration; verification; certification
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
cooperation; collaboration; help; support
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
myself; yourself; I; me; you
innocence; guiltlessness; absence of the fact; insubstantiality; (arch.) insincerity; (arch.) dishonesty
to dispel; to clear away; to accomplish a goal; (arch.) to make it sunny; (arch.) to make clouds disappear
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
contempt; scorn; disdain; despising; looking down on; slighting
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
chance; opportunity; occasion
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so