indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
stone; rock; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); (round) game piece
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
slow; gradual; steady; calm; composed; relaxed
versus; against; to (e.g. score of 4 to 2, ratio of 3 to 1, vote of 320 to 180); toward ...; to ...; equal footing
tank (military vehicle); chariot
war; battle; match; game; competition
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
start; beginning; starting (e.g. a race); departing; starting point
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
gap; break; pause; interval; cut; incision
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
again; once more; a second time
Moon; month; moonlight; (a) moon; natural satellite
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
brightness; brilliance; brilliancy; radiance; glitter
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to envy; to be envious (of); to be jealous (of)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
adds light emphasis or insistence to a statement; gives a statement a threatening or condescending tone
damn it; damn; beast; animal; person reborn into the animal realm; brute
(telephone) call; ring (of a telephone); shout; call; call; call loan (e.g. 30-day call)
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
counter for laps or circuits; perimeter; Zhou dynasty (of China; approx. 1046-256 BCE); Chou dynasty
one tenth; one hundredth; one percent; one tenth of a sun; one quarter ryō (an old coin)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
bloodsucking; sucking blood
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
pillar; post; support; prop; counter for buddhas, gods, nobles, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
time (three times, each time, etc.); times