teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
counter for colours; color; colour; (outward) appearance; look; (facial) expression; face
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
character (esp. kanji); letter; handwriting; penmanship; the ... word (e.g. "the L word" = "love")
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
pronunciation; reading (e.g. of a kanji); way of reading (out loud); interpretation (e.g. of a text); reading