indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to shun; to avoid; to ostracize; to neglect; to distance oneself from; to give the hard shoulder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
absolutely; unconditionally; never (with neg. verb)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to push away; to thrust aside; to detach oneself from; to keep away from; to act coldly; to do without emotion
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
it cannot be helped; there's nothing for it; it's no use fighting back; it's hopeless; there is no way out of it
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
myself; yourself; I; me; you
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
frantic; frenetic; inevitable death; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
to put out one's hand; to extend one's arm; to reach (for); to try one's hand at (something new)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous