January; first month of the lunar calendar
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hot spring; onsen; hot spring resort; hot spring spa
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
visiting a shrine on New Year's Eve and staying there until (or returning on) New Year's Day
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
noisy; boisterous; turbulent (era, etc.); troubled
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
winter vacation; winter holidays
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
until now; so far; up to the present
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
time; hour; period; class
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to show up; to appear; to turn up
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
now; the present time; just now; another; more
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the best one can do; one's best effort; with all one's might; to the best of one's ability
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in that way; thus; so; so?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...