indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
milk; breast; loop; decorative bump (on a hanging bell)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
than; from; out of; except; but; more