established practice; custom
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
new face; newcomer; rookie; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards)
war; battle; match; game; competition
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand in the way (esp. with legs spread out); to block the way; to stand in the way (e.g. of progress); to obstruct
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
mask; veil; disguise; anonymous; unmarked; incognito
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
craftsman; artisan; tradesman; worker; workman
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
(arch.) eastern Japan (esp. Kamakura or Edo, from perspective of Kyoto or Nara); (arch.) eastern provinces; (arch.) east; wagon; yamatogoto; my spouse
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
heh-heh; hee-hee; ha ha; (arch.) female genitals; (arch.) vagina; (arch.) vulva
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
this (very thing); this precisely
suffix for familiar person
(real) ability; true strength; merit; arms; force
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
Japan's best; number one in Japan
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to fill (with); to be filled with; to express (an emotion); to project (sadness, joy, etc.); to wear (e.g. a smile)
to knit; to plait; to braid; to compile (anthology, dictionary, etc.); to edit
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
tortoise; turtle; heavy drinker; turtle crest; turtle mon
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to burn; to roast; to broil; to heat; to heat up; to make (charcoal, pottery, bricks, etc.); to bake