recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
refined taste; elegant pursuits
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
famous product; special product; speciality; specialty
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
other; another; over; more than; I; me
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
loyalty; sincerity; allegiance; fidelity; integrity
proof; evidence; certificate; license; to testify (usu. Christian religious context); enlightenment
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
consequence; outcome; result; blame
one more; another; the other; not quite; not very good; lacking
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
to present; to submit; to tender; to hold out
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
disquieting; threatening; turbulent; restless; unsettled; disturbing
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to seal (letter); to prevent; to forbid; to block
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
period of time (usu. a period of approx. two hours corresponding to one of the signs of the Chinese zodiac); carving; engraving; strictness; cruelty
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
healthy; robust; strong; solid; durable
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
chief advisor to the Emperor (adviser)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work