this sort of; of this kind; of the sort; such
short sleeved kimono (worn as an undergarment during the Heian period); padded silk garment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
plain; simple; reserved (behaviour, attitude, etc.); modest; quite; a (little) bit
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
southern barbarians (name used in ancient China for non-Chinese ethnic groups to the south); South-East Asian countries (in the late-Muromachi and Edo periods); Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal and their South-East Asian colonies; late-Muromachi and Edo periods); foreign (of goods from South-East Asia and Western Europe); exotic (esp. in a Western European or South-East Asian style); chili pepper; nanban
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
like; similar to; something like ...; someone like ...
showy; loud; flashy; gaudy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
be that as it may; even so; though that be so
doctor to a shogun or daimyo (Edo period)
news; word; tidings; omen; foreboding; premonition
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
what kind of; whatever sort of; no matter what; however much
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
knowledge; awareness; acceptance; consent; forgiving; pardoning
interruption (e.g. of a conversation)
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; indeed; really
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
to be; to come; to go; to be (doing)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to form; to make; to build up (e.g. a fortune); to create; to accomplish; to achieve; to change (into)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also