indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
official; governmental; public (use, matter, forum, etc.); common; being public knowledge; being out in the open
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
unique thing; best on earth
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
man of refined tastes; refined person; tea ceremony master; (arch.) lewd man; (arch.) lecher
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
chief advisor to the Emperor (adviser)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
intention; inclination; mind; idea; wish; view
in accordance with; following; roughly; about; Street; Avenue
medal of honour; medal of merit
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to receive; to get; to accept; to take (someone's words or behaviour); to interpret; to understand
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
otherwise; or else; if not
Your Highness; His Highness; Her Highness
to save face; to keep face; to not lose face
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
sign on a post (usu. wooden and with a small roof, containing information about a sight, warning, congratulations, etc.); public notice; bulletin board; notice board
street; road; traffic; coming and going; flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; transmission (of sound)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
followers; subordinates; being under someone's command
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
one (small animal); two-tan bolt of cloth
because of; on account of; about; on; per; for every
one sen; one-hundredth of a yen; small amount of money
apiece; each; at a time; piecemeal
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
to use up; to exhaust; to wear out
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing