indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
official; governmental; public (use, matter, forum, etc.); common; being public knowledge; being out in the open
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
unique thing; best on earth
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
man of refined tastes; refined person; tea ceremony master; lewd man; lecher
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
chief advisor to the Emperor (adviser)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
intention; idea; inclination; wish
in accordance with; following; roughly; about; Street; Avenue
medal of honour; medal of merit
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
otherwise; or else; if not
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
to save face; to keep face; to not lose face
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
bulletin board; notice board; billboard; roadside sign; sign on a post, usu. wooden, esp. containing information about a sight, warning, congratulations, etc.
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
followers; subordinates; being under someone's command
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
one animal (small); (arch.) two-tan bolt of cloth
because of; on account of; regarding; per; apiece
one sen; one-hundredth of a yen; small amount of money
apiece; each; at a time; piecemeal
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
to use up; to exhaust; to wear out
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest