indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
adds force or indicates command
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
chief advisor to the Emperor (adviser)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
an offering of tea and hot water made to Buddha or the spirit of the deceased; a tea infusion; tea and hot water; tea ceremony
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
refined taste; elegant pursuits
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
than; from; out of; except; but; more
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to say; to be called; to do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
tea; tea plant (Camellia sinensis); tea preparation; making tea; brown; (arch.) mockery
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
famous product; special product; speciality; specialty
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so