indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to say; to be called; to do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
chief advisor to the Emperor (adviser)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
honorific/polite/humble prefix
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
famous product; special product; speciality; specialty
refined taste; elegant pursuits
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
adds force or indicates command