something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
kettle (used in tea ceremony)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
comparison; something worthy of comparison
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
probably not; probably won't; intend not to; will not; trying not to; attempting not to; whether you ... or not
let me humbly say; most humbly; with all due respect
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
size; dimension; large and small (sizes); various sizes; daishō (matched pair of long and short swords); large and small drums; long months and short months
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
without; unacceptable; not alright; (arch.) nonexistent; (arch.) not being (there)
knowing; being aware (of)
used to indicate respect for the listener (or reader)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
day that is lucky the whole day (in the traditional calendar); auspicious day
house; home; one's house; one's home; one's husband
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
equal; identical; the same; no different (from); just like; equivalent
wonderful; splendid; magnificent; exceeding; incredible; remarkable
tea-server; flatterer; sycophant
how; in what way; how about
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
like this; this sort; this way
foreign ship (esp. from Spain and Portugal from the late Muromachi period to the early Edo period); Nanban trade ship
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to come; to go; to be (doing)
panels, planks or plating on the hull of a ship or aircraft
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
black; black stone; guilt; guilty person
to spread its roots (of a tree, etc.); to take root (of an ideology, etc.); to put down roots; to settle down (in a place)
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
fault; error; going poorly; being disadvantageous; un-; non-
passing through (of a tunnel, bullet, etc.); going (right) through; penetrating; (arch.) being well versed (in)
nature (of a person); sex; gender; sex (i.e. sexual attraction, activity, etc.); gender; -ty
fire prevention; fire control; fireproofing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last