roll (e.g. of cloth); winding (e.g. watch); volume (of book); speeding up; heel (of a Japanese sandal)
(tree) trunk; (arrow) shaft; (tool) handle; backbone; base
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this world; this life; current epoch (i.e. the Holocene epoch)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to be found out; to get away (of fish)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
delivery (of a package, goods, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
business district; office complex
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
soldier; combatant; warrior
interview (i.e. television, newspaper, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
one's business; reading of scriptures before a (statue of) Buddha; bargain; discount; (arch.) money paid to a prostitute or geisha
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
ground cherry (Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii); husk tomato; Chinese lantern plant; children's noisemaking toy
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
mimesis; mimicry; camouflage
medicine; pharmaceuticals; efficacious chemical (gunpowder, pesticide, etc.); (pottery) glaze; (illegal) drug; narcotic
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress