indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ground cherry (Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii); husk tomato; Chinese lantern plant; children's noisemaking toy
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
in that way; thus; so; so?
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
please (give me); please (do for me)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
one thin flat object; one sheet
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point