this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
book; volume; this; present; main; head
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
such; like that; that sort of; very
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape)
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
another time; some other time
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
afterlife; the next world; the world beyond
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
presentiment; premonition; hunch; to have a premonition; to have a hunch
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
declining; refusal; rejection; announcement; notice
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
in that way; thus; so; so?
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon