indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
emperor (of Japan); mikado
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
night under the midnight sun; white night (at extreme latitudes); night during which the sun doesn't set
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
master (of a house, shop, etc.); husband; sir; boss; patron of a mistress, geisha, bar or nightclub hostess; sugar daddy