indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
adds force or indicates command
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
counter for jewels in a watch; counter for transistors, diodes, etc. in an electronic product
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such