indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
match; game; bout; contest
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
adds force or indicates command
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
counter for jewels in a watch; counter for transistors, diodes, etc. in an electronic product
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
ugly; unattractive; unsightly; unseemly
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial