indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
leader of a delegation (body, party)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
body; group; party; company; troupe
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
emperor (of Japan); mikado
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
order of chivalry; chivalric order
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
joining (a group, team, etc.); enrollment; enrolment
grimoire; book of magic; book of sorcery
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage