if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
eager; earnest; strenuous; fervent; assiduous; with utmost effort
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fight against; to oppose; to face
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
to deny; to contradict; to negate (esp. a sound); to drown out
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
in succession; one after another
adds force or indicates command
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
beast (i.e. any animal other than man); person reborn into the animal realm; brute (i.e. a contemptible human being); damn it; damn
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
having one's hands full; not having any room to do more; at the limit
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
now; soon; already; yet; further; more